Prehistoric humans who lived in Europe, the Middle East, and western Asia from about 200,000 to 28,000 years ago. Scientifically, they are usually classified as a separate species, Homo neanderthalensis. Although closely related to modern humans (Homo sapiens), Neandertals were physically distinct. Short and stocky in build, they had large, protruding faces, prominent brows, and low, sloping foreheads, and undeveloped chin. Their brains, however, were fully as big as those of modern humans. The typical lifespan of Neandertals was much shorter than that of people today, with few individuals living beyond 40 years. They were named after the Neanderthal valley in Germany, where such skeleton was found in 1856.
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Italian-born
Spanish navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a route
to Asia but achieved fame by making landfall in the Americas instead. He was born in Genoa (Italy), he is a navigator and discoverer ( or rediscoverer) of the New World. After much difficulty, he obtained the patronage of Ferdinand V and Isabella of Spain for his project of sailing west to reach the Orient. He left Palos (Aug. 3,1492) with 3 ships, the 'Pinta', the 'Nina' and the 'Santa Maria', and reached the Bahamas (Oct. 12, 1492). He sailed to Cuba and Haiti before returning (1493) to Spain. A second voyage (1493-6) took him to the Lesser Antiles, Puerto Rico and Jamaica, and a third (1498- 1500) to Trinidad and the coast of Venezuela. On his fourth voyage (1502-4), he explored the coast of Central America.
Louvre Museum
The national museum and art gallery of France, in Paris. It was a former royal palace, the present building being begun by Francois I in 1546, successively enlarged, and converted to its current use after the French Revolution.
Hundred Years’ War
Armed conflict between France and England during the years from 1337 to 1453. The Hundred Years’ War was a series of short conflicts, broken intermittently by a number of truces and peace treaties. It resulted from disputes between the ruling families of the two countries, the French Capetians and the English Plantagenets, over territories in France and the succession to the French throne. It was basically caused by the refusal of the Plantagenet of England to do homage to the kings of France for the fief of Aquitaine. Other causes were Anglo-French rivalry for the Flanders wool trade, and a growing sense of national consciousness. The war began in 1337, when Edward III of England claimed the French throne. The English won victories at Sluis (1340), Crecy (1346) and Poitiers (1356), and gained more French territory, though most of it was lost again by 1373. Henry V renewed the war (1415), won a crushing victory at Agincourt (1415) and was recognized as heir to the French throne (Treaty of Troyes, 1420). After his death (1422), Joan of Arc rallied the French , and the English were gradually expelled (1423 - 53) from France, until only Calais remained in their possession.
Tansistors
In electronics, any of several types of device incorporating an arrangement of semiconductor material ( especially germanium with controlled low concentrations of arsenic, indium, antimony), and suitable contacts capable of performing many of the functions of thermionic and photo-emissive tubes such as power, voltage, or current amplification with low power requirements and large saving of space. Common name for a
group of electronic devices used as amplifiers or oscillators in communications,
control, and computer systems . Until the advent of the
transistor in 1948, developments in the field of electronics were dependent on
the use of thermionic vacuum tubes, magnetic amplifiers, specialized rotating
machinery, and special capacitors as amplifiers.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
English poet and painter (1828-82), son of of an Italian exile, brother of Christina. With Millais and Holman Hunt formed the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. In its passionate feeling, its sense of colour and preoccupation with medieval themes and atmosphere, his poetry creates the haunted, autumnal dream world of a group of artists who had turned away from society. Among his best poems are "The Blessed Damozel" (1847), "Sister Helen" (1870), and the sonnet sequence "The House of Life", included in his collection 'Ballads and Sonnets' (1881). His best- known paintings are 'Ecce Ancilla Domini'(1849), 'Beata Beatrix' (1863), 'Dante's Dream' (1871).
Iron Age
The period of the human culture following the Bronze Age, and characterized by the smelting and use of iron. It began among the Hittites people ( Anatolia and northern Syria), 1400 B.C., and reached Southern Europe 1000 B.C. It reached Northern Europe later , and may be divided into the Hallstatt, and La Tene cultures.
The Himalayas
A mountain system in S.Asia, the highest in the world, stretching 1500 miles from Kashmir to Assam between the Indus and Brahmaputra valleys. Highest point: Everest (29028 ft). Other peaks over 25000 ft include Kanchenjunga, Nanga, Parbat, Annapurna, and Nanda Devi. Passes at 18000 ft link India and China.The Himalayan mountain system developed in a series of stages 30 to 50 million years ago.Even today the mountains continue to develop and change, and earthquakes and tremors are frequent in the area.Physically, the Himalayas forms three parallel zones: the Great Himalayas, the Middle Himalayas (also known as the Inner or Lesser Himalayas), and the Sub-Himalayas.
The Alamo
A mission fort in San Antonio, Texas, site of a heroic stand, on February 23, 1836, a Mexican force of more than 2000 men commanded by Antonio López de Santa Anna, general and dictator of Mexico, reached the outskirts of San Antonio, which had been captured by Texan insurgents the previous December. The San Antonio garrison, only 155 men under the command of Colonel William Barrett Travis, withdrew to The Alamo. With the men, inside The Alamo, were about 15 civilians, including the wife of one of the defenders, and a few Mexican families who lived there. Santa Anna deployed his troops around the structure and, when his artillery arrived, launched an intensive assault. The Texans, who were reinforced by 32 men on March 1, withstood the Mexicans until March 6, when the enemy succeeded in breaching the mission walls. Travis, his chief aides, including the American frontiersmen Davy Crockett and James Bowie, and the remainder of the garrison perished in the savage hand-to-hand struggle that followed. The 187 Texan defenders were all killed and only the civilians survived. However, the Texans had fought hard, and the Mexicans lost 600 men. At the subsequent Battle of San Jacinto, in which Santa Anna was defeated, the battle cry of the Texans was “Remember The Alamo!”
Wonderful Facts
1. Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from crying.
2.Your tongue is germ free only if it is pink. If it is white there is a thin film of bacteria on it.
3.The roar that we hear when we place a seashell next to our ear is not the ocean, but rather the sound of blood surging through the veins in the ear.
4. The color blue has a calming effect. It causes the brain to release calming hormones.
5.The verb “cleave” is the only English word with two synonyms which are antonyms of each other: adhere and separate.
6. It cost 7 million dollars to build the Titanic and 200 million to make a film about it.
7. Human hair and fingernails continue to grow after death.
8.It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.
9.Women blink nearly twice as much as men.
10.Large kangaroos cover more than 30 feet with each jump.
11.Colgate faced big obstacle marketing toothpaste in Spanish speaking countries. Colgate translates into the command “go hang yourself.
12.The only part of the body that has no blood supply is the cornea in the eye. It takes in oxygen directly from the air.
13.Google is actually the common name for a number with a million zeros.
14. When hippos are upset, their sweat turns red.
15.Every time you sneeze some of your brain cells die.
16.The reason honey is so easy to digest is that it’s already been digested by a bee.
17.The Poison Arrow frog has enough poison to kill 2,200 people.
18.We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening.
19.It takes 8 minutes 17 seconds for light to travel from the Sun’s surface to the Earth.
20.Antarctica is the only continent that does not have land areas below sea level.
21.A woman's arthritic pains will almost always disappear as soon as she becomes pregnant. No one knows why.
22.One cannot catch cold at the North Pole in winter. Neither can one contract the flu, nor most of the ailments transmitted viruses and germs. The winter temperature is so low in this part of the world that none of the standard disease causing Micro-organisms can survive.
23.A bridge built in Lima, Peru around 1610 was made of mortar that was mixed not with water but with the whites of 10,000 eggs The bridge, appropriately called the Bridge of Eggs, is still standing today.
24.There is a city called Rome in every continent.
25.Only 11 percent of the earth's surface is used to grow food.
26.Inside the earth it gets 3 degrees hotter every 100 meter further down.
27.A crocodile can’t stick its tongue out.
28.A duck’s quack doesn’t echo, and no one knows why.
29.Horses can’t vomit.
30.In India, people are legally allowed to marry a dog.
31.The last Olympic gold medals that were made entirely out of gold were awarded in 1912.
32.Japan is made up of over 6000 islands.
33.A car traveling 100 mph would take more than 29 million years to reach the nearest star.
34.There are about 6000 languages in the world.
35.Honey tastes nice to us but it is really a food for bees, because for every kilogram of honey, which is taken from bees’ hives, the bees in the hive use about eight kilograms and the total distance a bee flies to gather enough nectar for the extra kilogram of honey taken by humans is equal to flying about six times round the earth (240000 km).
Humans
People are creatures with complex things; everything is complex in their lives starting from their bodies, emotions, feelings, thoughts, work, movements, desires, opinions and you can not expect what is the next odd thing that you could see from a human being.
Beyond Imagination
Sometimes we think, is there two things that are identical in this world? Definitely some people would say yes and some would say no, in my opinion there will never be identical things, simply because there will be even an extremely delicate difference between them. However, we call them identical things because it is beyond our limited comprehension to distinguish those differences and those variations are the essence of our life in my point of view, because if there is no such mutations of objects, we will reach a point in which we will stop at a specific end. Nothing is new, no inventions, no improvement, no development, but due to diversity we always find new objectives and approaches to address and discover.
Martin Luther King's Last Speech
...Well, I don't know what will happen now. We've got some difficult days ahead. But it doesn't really matter with me now. Because I've been to the mountaintop. I don't mind. Like anybody, I would like to live - a long life; longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned about that now. I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land. So I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord.
North Pole
One cannot catch
cold at the North Pole in winter. Neither can one contract the flu, nor
most of the ailments transmitted viruses and germs. The winter
temperature is so low in this part of the world that none of the
standard disease causing Micro-organisms can survive.
Falling Stars
Our stars are fallen
One by one they are stolen
But I still look at them as before
They are clear now till the core
No one need to read this
Because I think it does not make sense
Hey hey people come see my site
You won't find something impolite
There are just some information
Or you could make a donation
Come on it is easy to learn
It is so realistic
But it is not very artistic
Everyone can access
without any assist
It is a long way to go
I just want you to know
It is just a way to start
Before that I went to Walmart
I couldn't think about it
Till I saw the new cassette
I bought it without delay
When I went home on my way
Life
Wherever you go
There is a place you know
So take time wandering
Finally you'll be returning
The world is a small village
And our life is a privilege
No matter how you live it
Never try to regret
Because you'll miss the sweetness
And you'll taste the bitterness
How to make your life healthier....
In this life there are many things we do, which are not correct,and simply by doing these things we are destroying our lives.I will write my advices in clear points and if we all implement these actions,our environment and health will be better.
1.First inside our houses,in the kitchen,we should use less plastics as most of these products interact with food in a way or another and releases chemical affects our health.2.Avoid overheating specially frying
3.Have a good ventilation system in your house.
4.Try to get rid of your waste in proper way
5.Indoor house plants are very good for refreshing the air inside and also your garden outside should be taken care of.
6.Unplug any electrical device you don't use.
7.The sun is very effective sterilizer.Thus make sure to get it's beams inside your house.
8.Try to use as less chemical products as you could especially for your skin.
9.Try to go to the bed early and wake up early and get as much as you can fresh air and do some exercises.
10.We all know the importance of all things around us ,so we should take our responsibility and engage in any activity that might be useful
11.Don't smoke and be happy.
12.Eat a balanced diet which is: carbohydrate ,protein,fats,minerals.
Crimean War (1853-56)
declared on Russia by Turkey (Oct.1853), by Britain and France (Mar.1854), and by Sardinia (Jan.1855). The causes of the war were Russia expansion in the Balkans and the dispute over the guardianship of the Holy Places in Palestine. Battles included Balaclava (the Charge of the Light Brigade) and Inkerman (1854). Sevastopol was taken by the Allies (1855) and the war was ended by the Treaty of Paris (1856).
English Language
The nearest relative of English is Frisian, spoken in the Frisian Islands off the coasts of the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark. English is a Germanic language can easily be perceived by comparing it to German, Dutch, and Frisian-all West Germanic languages. The word water is common to English and Dutch, and other words are not very different in the languages. The relation between English; That is good and German; Das ist gut is evident.
Random Thinking
Sometimes we think, Is there two things that are identical in this world?. Definitely some people would say yes and some would say no, in my opinion there will never be identical things, simply because there will be even an extremely delicate difference between them. However, we call them identical things because it is beyond our limited comprehension to distinguish those differences and those variations are the essence of our life in my point of view, because if there is no such mutations of objects, we will reach a point in which we will stop at a specific end. Nothing is new, no inventions, no improvement, no development, but due to diversity we always find new objectives and approaches to address and discover.
Egyptian Pyramids
The Pyramids of Egypt were built on the west bank of the Nile River at Giza during the 4th Dynasty (about 2575 to about 2467 bc). The oldest of the seven wonders, the pyramids are the only one remaining nearly intact today. Their white stone facing was later removed for use as building material in Cairo. The largest of the pyramids is that of King Khufu, which is sometimes known as the Great Pyramid. It covers an area of over 4.8 hectares (12 acres). According to the Greek historian Herodotus, ten years were required to prepare the site and 100,000 laborers worked thereafter for 20 years to complete the pyramid, which contains the king’s tomb. Some lists include only the Great Pyramid, rather than all the pyramids.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Perhaps built by King Nebuchadnezzar II about 600 bc, were a mountainlike series of planted terraces. Ancient historians report that Babylon at that time was dazzling in the splendor of its palace and temple buildings, fortification walls, and paved processional ways. The Hanging Gardens consisted of several tiers of platform terraces built upon arches and extending to a great height. Accounts of their height range from about 24 m (80 ft) to a less reliable estimate of more than 90 m (300 ft). Trees and colorful plants and flowers grew on the terraces, irrigated with water brought up from the Euphrates River. Archaeologists have discovered remains of walls along the Euphrates that may have belonged to the Hanging Gardens.
Zeus Statue
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was carved in the mid-5th century bc by the Greek sculptor Phidias. The colossal statue was the central feature of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, the Greek sanctuary where the Olympic Games were held. It was considered to be Phidias’s masterpiece. The seated figure of Zeus, king of the Greek gods, was 12 m (40 ft) in height and made of ivory and gold. An earthquake probably leveled the temple in the 6th century ad, and the statue was later taken to Constantinople, where a fire destroyed it.
Natural Sleeping Aid
Easy and cheap way to help you sleep well is to put one teaspoonful of Black Cumin seed in a cup of boiled milk sweetened by tablespoonful of honey and drink it half an hour before sleep, it is been used and proven its effectiveness.
Edouard Manet
He is a French painter (1832-1883), after 1870 he was associated with the Impressionists and came to use the lighter colours and free handling of Impressionism, and shared their interest in natural light as opposed to studio light. His earlier work is characterized by broad, fluid brushwork, an interest in direct, natural treatment of character in the tradition of Velazquez and Goya, and a remarkably predominant use of black, with strong, unmodulated dark-light contrasts e.g. in le Dejeuner sur l herbe' (1863) and Olympia (1865).
Claude Monet
He is French painter (1840-1926). He was one of the founders of Impressionism, and with Renoir developed the technique of broken-colour painting in which dabs of colour laid side by side become blended by the eye of the viewer. He painted directly in the open air, often painting the same scene at different hours of the day for the varying effects of light. Light and subject merge almost completely in his last series of paintings ( Water lilies), and approach pure abstraction.
Artemis Temple
The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus in Asia Minor, built after 356 bc, combined great size with elaborate ornamentation. Artemis, known as Diana to the Romans, was goddess of the hunt. An imposing temple in her honor was built in Ephesus in what is now Turkey in the 6th century bc and rebuilt after it burned in 356 bc. Archaeologists estimate that the temple measured 104 m (342 ft) in length and 50 m (164 ft) in width. Its 127 stone columns stood more than 18 m (60 ft) tall. The temple was destroyed by the Goths in ad 262.
Try this for your headache
25 grams of black cumin powder mixed with 12.5 grams of fine clove powder and 12.5 grams of aniseed powder, they should be mixed well on a dry container and kept at dry, clean place at room temperature. For headache take one two teaspoonful at the onset of the headache and before each meal, it can be taken with milk or juice.
For Memory and Mental Health
Add seven drops of black cumin oil to a boiling mint tea, and leave it till it become just warm and you can add honey for the taste, it is good to take one or two cups of this mixture per day.
The Mausoleum
.......of Halicarnassus was a monumental marble tomb in Asia Minor built for King Mausolus of Caria, who died in 353 bc. Queen Artemisia built the tomb in memory of Mausolus, her brother and husband, at Halicarnassus in what is now southwestern Turkey. It was decorated by the leading sculptor of the age. An earthquake probably toppled the structure, and its materials were later used as building material. Only fragments remain of this tomb from which the word mausoleum derives.
Magic Effects of Water
There are many researches about water and its usefulness in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases and conditions such as headaches, constipation, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, seizures, pneumonia, obesity, coughing,...etc.
Method of use is to drink 4 cups of water each (160 ml) early everyday on an empty stomach and not to eat for the next 45 minutes.Moreover, it is recommended not to drink or eat at least 2 hours after each meal (i.e breakfast, lunch, and dinner), if it is difficult to drink 4 cups of water at once, you could start with 1 or 2 cups and increase the amount in a short period of time.
The Colossus of Rhodes
A huge bronze statue of the Greek sun god Helios, was erected about 280 bc to guard the entrance to the harbor at Rhodes , a Greek island off the coast of Asia Minor. The statue stood about 32 m (105 ft) tall and according to legend, it straddled the harbor. An earthquake destroyed it in 224 bc.
Merits of Travelling
Travelling ,it is actually a fantastic experience. I am certainly sure that many of us want to have this opportunity of seeing other places, countries and beautiful landscapes and learning about other cultures. Here we are not going to talk about travelling as an experience or how beautiful it is,but we want to focus on the benefits of travelling and how we can get the most as much as possible from it.
Most of us passed or have been going across a difficult situation, may be socially, financially or psychologically. Then we try to ask an expert to solve the problem, but have you tried to take a trip even to visit a friend or a relative?. I am sure you will find something useful,that's one of the benefits of travelling, because by seeing others and taking their advice and listening to their experiences, we very much likely to find a solution to our problem.
Many of us have a financial problem in some stage or period of our lives and I advice anyone has a trouble like this to travel to another place because he/she definitely will discover undiscovered approaches to go, a new options and offers which will solve all the problems.
One of the obvious gains of travelling is knowledge. If you look to the history of Science or any other field, you will find an interesting truth which is most of scientists and inventors had travelled to other or more advanced countries, so that proves the usefulness of travelling.
In addition to that going to a different place will let you learn about other cultures,habits and costumes of different people. You will definitely meet new people and make new friends which is useful to expand your social network. There are many wonderful people, we all wish to meet and it may be a chance to greet them especially famous ones.
Those are some merits of travelling, and I found it extremely useful to experience this and I am sure that the vast majority of people are sharing that feeling with me.
Snacks That are Good and Healthy
Morning tea ideas
•2 wheat crackers + 2 slices low-fat cheese
•200g low-fat plain yoghurt + 1 piece of fruit
•1 slice of multigrain bread + 1 tsp peanut butter
•Mini muffin + 30g raw nuts
•Smoothie – 1 cup low-fat milk + ½ cup mixed berries + 1 tsp honey
•200g low-fat plain yoghurt + 1 piece of fruit
•1 cup of low-fat milk + 1 tsp Milo + 1 piece of fruit
Afternoon snacks
•Bite-size mini chocolate
•1 x multigrain English muffin + 2 slices light cheese
•1 cup of low-fat milk
•1 tsp Milo + mini muffin
•1 x multigrain English muffin + vegemite + margarine
•1 slice of multigrain bread with 1 tsp peanut butter
•30g raw nuts + 1 - 2 cups fat-free popcorn
•1 piece of fresh fruit + nut bar
•Mini muffin + 30g raw nuts
Supper suggestions
•1 slice fruit toast + 1 tsp margarine
•2 scoops low-fat vanilla ice-cream + 1 cup berries
•200g low-fat yoghurt + 1 piece of fruit
•2 wheat crackers + 2 slices low-fat cheese
•1-2 cups fat-free popcorn + 1 piece fruit
•1 glass of low-fat milk + 1 tsp Milo + 1 piece fruit
•Smoothie - 1 cup low-fat milk + 1 small banana
Lighthouse of Alexandria
The Pharos of Alexandria was an ancient lighthouse located on an island in the harbor of Alexandria, Egypt. The lighthouse, built about 280 bc during the reign of Ptolemy II, stood more than 134 m (440 ft) tall—about as high as a 40-story building. A fire was kept burning at its top to welcome sailors. Storms and an earthquake had damaged the lighthouse by 955 ad; an earthquake completely destroyed it during the 14th century.
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
An English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the most important scientists of all time. Newton formulated laws of gravitation and the three laws of motion—laws that explain how objects move. He established the modern study of optics—or the behavior of light—and built the first telescope. His mathematical insights led him to invent the area of mathematics called calculus (which German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz also developed independently). Newton stated his ideas in several published works, two of which, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1687) and Opticks (1704), are considered among the greatest scientific works ever produced. Newton’s revolutionary contributions explained the workings of a large part of the physical world in mathematical terms, and they suggested that science may provide explanations for other phenomena as well.
Oil Blend and Yogurt Help in Blood Pressure Control
Two separate studies presented at the American Heart Association's (AHA) High Blood Pressure Research 2012 meeting in Washington D.C.
The two studies were supportive of the DASH eating plan ( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension).
The first study showed a sesame and rice bran oil blend reduced blood pressure almost as well as a commonly used medication.
The second study found that people who routinely eat low fat yogurt are less likely to develop high blood pressure.
History Of Dolls
Since the beginning of civilization, man has made images of himself out of objects from his environment, either drawing on cave walls or as figurines made of wood or clay. These dolls or idols were used for religious or magical practices or rituals. Today, dolls are defined as a three dimension figure representing a human being. Added to this definition, is that a doll is a play toy for children. Dolls have been found throughout the world from the sarcophagi of Ancient Egypt, to the Catacombs in Rome to Native American graves of North America. Dolls tell a story about their past. That is why “the world of dolls” provides a treasure of information and holds such interest and joy for everyone.
Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603), daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth was the longest-reigning English monarch in nearly two centuries and the first woman to successfully occupy the English throne. Imprisoned in reign of her sister Mary I, Elizabeth came to the throne (1558) to face problems of religious strife, unstable finances and war with France. With Burghley as her adviser, she tackled the economic problem, ended the war (1559), and re-established the Church of England on the moderate basis of the Act of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559) and the 39 articles (1563). Called Glorianna and Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth enjoyed enormous popularity during her life and became an even greater legend after her death.
Vasco da Gama (1469-1524)
Portuguese explorer and navigator, who was the first person to reach India from Europe by a sea route. Da Gama was born in Sines, in southwestern Portugal. He joined the Portuguese navy at a young age and participated in the wars against the Spanish kingdom of Castile. Little else is known of his early life. He discovered the route to India around the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa (1497- 1498).
Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)
A Scottish, Canadian and American inventor and teacher of the deaf. Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London. He immigrated to Canada in 1870 and to the United States in 1871. In the United States he began teaching deaf-mutes, publicizing the system called visible speech. The system, which was developed by his father, the Scottish educator Alexander Melville Bell, shows how the lips, tongue, and throat are used in the articulation of sound. In 1872 Bell founded a school to train teachers of the deaf in Boston, Massachusetts. The school subsequently became part of Boston University, where Bell was appointed professor of vocal physiology. He invented the telephone (1876), and obtained a U.S monopoly for the Bell system of telephone communication. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1882. He died on August 2, 1922, at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, where a museum containing many of his original inventions is maintained by the Canadian government.
Certain Foods Prevents Diseases
Certain foods could give you extra protection against chronic diseases. Researchers from the University of Guelph led by Brian McBride, have found a way to enrich milk with DHA (docosahexaeonic acid), an essential nutrient that many people are lacking.
A University of Manitoba team led by Rotimi Aluko discovered that certain protein fragments from yellow field pea seeds can lower blood pressure, according to a statement of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
Men who are deficient in vitamin D were twice as likely to have a heart attack as men who had adequate levels of the vitamin, according to past studies. Scientists have found evidence that vitamin D plays a role in controlling blood pressure and preventing artery damage, vital for heart health. It is found in fish, milk, egg yolk, liver, cheese and is also synthesised by exposure to sunlight.
Vitamin B complex can also reduce the severity of the asthma attacks. Vitamin A and E when taken together can work to protect your lungs against air pollution.
Gingko Biloba is effective as well, as it will enhance your breathing and help with your bronchial reactions.
Garlic is another great choice, as it contains an anti-inflammatory agent that will reduce your chances of an asthma attack.
Rickey Yada, professor of food science at Guelph who studies the quality of potato chips and french fries, said: "Many researchers end up looking outside the country for partners to develop their ideas - which means R&D opportunities, economic growth and good jobs in food processing go to other places too."
Yada says a number of challenges is slowing down innovation in the food industry. They include a shortage of proof-of-concept funding; and lack of market intelligence, industrial partners, and a taxing approval and regulatory environment.
These findings were presented at the meeting of the AAAS in Vancouver, Canada.
Nelson Mandela
Born in 1918, South African activist, winner of the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, and the first black president of South Africa (1994-1999). Born in Umtata, South Africa, in what is now Eastern Cape province, Mandela was the son of a Xhosa-speaking Tembu chief. He attended the University of Fort Hare in Alice where he became involved in the political struggle against the racial discrimination practiced in South Africa. He was expelled in 1940 for participating in a student demonstration. After moving to Johannesburg, he completed his course work by correspondence through the University of South Africa and received a bachelor’s degree in 1942. Mandela then studied law at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. He became increasingly involved with the African National Congress (ANC), a multiracial nationalist movement which sought to bring about democratic political change in South Africa. Mandela helped establish the ANC Youth League in 1944 and became its president in 1951.He was jailed (1962-1990) on charges of inciting revolution to overthrow the government. His imprisonment became a worldwide symbol of freedom for blacks in South Africa. After his release from prison, he worked for the abolition of apartheid.
Stratosphere
A division of the earth's atmosphere extending about 30 miles (50 km) , depending upon season, latitude and weather conditions in the troposphere, from the tropopause. In the stratosphere the temperature changes only little with increasing altitude, because of its low moisture content, and the absence of large convection currents. The stratosphere is an excellent region for air travel.
Rice
Plant Oryza sativa, family Gramineae, an annual cereal grass widely cultivated for its seed, used for human food. The
name is also used for the grain itself. Rice is the primary food for half the
people in the world. it is grown in Asian countries, especially China, India, in parts of the middle east especially Egypt, Russia, South America, and the USA. It is produced mainly in the deltas of rivers, on irrigated or flooded coastal plains. In Asia, dried rice stalks are used to make paper, sandals, hats etc., and to thatch roofs. Fermented rice kernels are sometimes used in making spirits, wine and beer. Of the 20 known species of rice, only two are cultivated. In many regions it is eaten with every meal and provides
more calories than any other single food. According to the United Nations Food
and Agricultural Organization (FAO), rice supplies an average of 889 calories
per day per person in China. In contrast, rice provides an average of only 82
calories per day per person in the United States. Rice is a nutritious food,
providing about 90 percent of calories from carbohydrates and as much as 13
percent of calories from protein.
Liquorice
Deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots.
Liquorice is used as a flavouring and sweetening agent. It has demulcent and expectorant properties and has been used in cough preparations. It has ulcer-healing properties that may result from stimulation of mucus synthesis. It also has mild anti-inflammatory and mineralocorticoid properties associated with the presence of glycyrrhizinic acid and its metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid, which is an inhibitor of cortisol metabolism. Liquorice may also possess some antispasmodic and laxative properties. Liquorice has a reduced mineralocorticoid activity and has been used, usually with antacids, for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
Valerian
A plant of the genus Valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or pink flowers. Valerian has sedative properties and is used as an extract, infusion, or tincture, or occasionally as the dried root, in preparations for anxiety states. It has also been used as anti-flatulent. Valerian root has sedative and anxiolytic effects and used to treat insomnia.
Saw Palmetto
Saw palmetto is the dried fruit of the American dwarf palm, Serenoa (Arecaceae). It contains various steroidal compounds with anti-androgenic and oestrogenic activities, one of which is sitosterol. Saw palmetto is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. capsules of alcoholic or lipophilic extracts have typically been given in doses of 160 mg twice daily, or 320 mg once daily, by mouth. It is also used as antiseptic for the urinary tract.
Black Cohosh
A small north american herb, with large compound leaves, its roots and rhizomes have long been used medicinally by native americans, nowadays preparations of tinctures and tablets are used for menopausal and gynaecological disorders and is included in preparations for coughs.
Pomegranate
Pomegranate is the fruit of a small tree called punica granatum (Punicaceae), it reaches to 8 meters in height.
Pomegranate juice protect from heart diseases, it is rich with anti-oxidants that are effective against plasma lipids, which is considered the cause for atherosclerosis.
Pomegranate bark, the dried bark of the stem and root of the tree containing about 0.4 to 0.9% of alkaloids and tannins , has been used for the expulsion of tapeworms.
Aristotle (384-322 B.C)
He is a Greek philosopher and scientist, pupil of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great, and founder of the Peripatetic School at Athens (335 B.C), who shares with Plato and Socrates the distinction of being the most famous of ancient philosophers. Aristotle was born at Stagira, in Macedonia, the son of a physician to the royal court. At the age of 17, he went to Athens to study at Plato's Academy. He remained there for about 20 years, as a student and then as a teacher. When Plato died in 347 bc, Aristotle moved to Assos, a city in Asia Minor, where a friend of his, Hermias, was ruler. There he counseled Hermias and married his niece and adopted daughter, Pythias. After Hermias was captured and executed by the Persians in 345 bc, Aristotle went to Pella, the Macedonian capital, where he became the tutor of the king's young son Alexander, later known as Alexander the Great. His philosophy grew away from the idealism of Plato and became increasingly concerned with science and the phenomena of the world. His analyses were original and profound and his methods exercised an enormous influence on all subsequent thought. His works include 'Organon' (logic), 'Ethics', 'Politics', 'Poetics', 'On the Soul' (a biological treatise). 'Metaphysics', 'Historia animalium'.
St. John's Wort
The dried flowering tops and the aerial parts of Hypericum Perforatum (Hypericaceae) , gather before or during flowering, it is been used before to induce relaxation, Hypericin is the major active ingredient in St. John's Wort, over the counter herbal preparations containing St. John's Wort are used to treat depression, insomnia and anxiety, St. John's Wort has been used as astringent.
Galileo (1564-1642)
He is an Italian astronomer and physicist. His many achievements including the discovery of the isochronism of the pendulum, and the demonstration that the acceleration of a falling body does not depend on its mass. He constructed telescopes, discovered Jupiter's satelites, and observed sunspots and the mountainous nature of the moon. A supporter of Copernican theory, Galileo was forced by the Inquisition to recent (1633).
Sleeping Recipes
Food that help you sleep:Eat rice, pasta, potatoes, and brown rice for dinner. Eating carbohydrates before sleeping helps the body make serotonin, which can help you sleep better.
Drink a glass of warm milk. It gives restful sleep.
Eat oatmeal porridge as a late-night snack. It encourages sound sleep.
Drink chamomile tea before sleeping. It has a calming and sedative effect on the body.
Minerals, calcium and magnesium are natural tranquillisers. Take 500 mg of calcium and 400 mg of magnesium at bedtime.
Exercising regularly can dramatically improve sleep patterns. But do not exercise very late in the evening.
Take brahmi (an ayurvedic herb) at bedtime.
Herbs like valerian, chamomile, and kava have been used to correct insomnia due to their soothing properties and calming effect on the mind.
Yoga, meditation, and muscle relaxation are different techniques that help destress one’s body and mind.
Aromatherapy is a valuable technique to improve sleep.
Kava
It is an Australasian pepper shrub of Piper methysticum (Piperaceae), a shrub indigenous to islands of the South Pacific. Its rhizomes contain pyrones including kawain, methysticin, and yangonin. Kava has been used in the South Pacific to produce an intoxicating beverage used for recreational purposes and during convalescence. It is reported to have sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, and anaesthetic properties. It is given in some anxiety- and stress-related disorders. It was formerly used as an antiseptic and diuretic in inflammatory conditions of the genito-urinary tract in the form of a liquid extract. Kawain has also been used for nervous disorders and as a tonic. Kava has been used in homoeopathic medicine. It is must not be taken for long periods and with large amounts due to hepatotoxic effects.
Witch Hazel
A member of Hamamelis, family; Hamamelidaceae, a genus of trees or shrubs which flower in late autumn after the leaves have fallen, especially H. virginiana, native to North America. An alcoholic solution of a substance extracted from the bark of H. virginiana and used as a medicinal lotion. Hamamelis has astringent properties and contains gallic acid, a bitter principle, and a trace of volatile oil. It is used in preparations for the symptomatic relief of haemorrhoids.
Echinacea ( Red Sunflower)
It is a perennial herb that grows in the mid-western region of North America. It has pink or purple flowers with a central cone which may be purple or brown in colour. The dried, whole, or cut underground parts of Echinacea angustifolia (Brauneria angustifolia), E. pallida (B. pallida), or E. purpurea, or the aerial parts of E. purpurea, is reported to have immunostimulant properties. It is used in herbal preparations for the prophylaxis of bacterial and viral infections. It is also used in homoeopathic medicine. It is widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections such as common colds, and for urinary tract infections, and wound healing.
Ginkgo Biloba
It is a Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds, an extract from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba has been used in cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disorders. It is been cultivated in different parts of the world, many clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of the extract of ginkgo against placebo to treat Alzheimer's disease or any kind of dementia.
Angel's trumpet
South American plant cultivated for its very large nocturnally fragrant trumpet-shaped flower with different colours. It belongs to the Solanaceae, this shrub can reach as high as 11 meters and it usually has several major stems, all parts of the plant contain the well known belladonna alkaloids ( scopolomine, hyoscyamine, and atropine). It's been used by many south american cultures in the religious rituals and to treat the unruly children, also it is used externally to treat dermatitis, arthritis pain.
White Willow Bark (Salix)
Large willow tree of Eurasia and North Africa, its dried bark is used to prepare a tincture that has been used as analgesic and antipyretic.Salix contains variable amounts of tannin and also of salicin which has antipyretic and analgesic actions similar to those of aspirin.
Cranberry Juice
Cranberry consists of the fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon, the American cranberry or V. oxycoccus, theEuropean cranberry. Cranberry juice has been reported to reduce the incidence of urinary-tract infections. Evidence has been found that cranberry juice (in its pure form), prolonged use for more than 1 year, along with other non-medical measures like increasing fluid intake especially water will decrease the incidence of urinary tract infections.
Juniper
It is a member of juniperus, family cupressaceae, a genus of evergreen shrubs and trees widely distributed over the northern hemisphere, especially those species having low or trailing branches. They have needle shaped, whorled leaves, and berries whose oil is used to flavour gin and some liqueurs. The wood is used in cabinetmaking and for pencils. Juniper oil has been used as a carminative and as an ingredient of herbal remedies for urinary-tract disorders and muscle and joint pain.
Aztec Empire
Native Indian American state that ruled much of what is now Mexico from about 1428 until 1521, when the empire was conquered by the Spaniards (Cortes). The empire represented the highest point in the development of the rich Aztec civilization that had begun more than a century earlier. At the height of their power, the Aztec controlled a region stretching from the Valley of Mexico in central Mexico east to the Gulf of Mexico and south to Guatemala. The Aztec civilization was marked by fine public architecture and by the advancement of learning and the arts. It was based on a caste system and a polytheistic religion involving human sacrifice. The Aztecs created a pictorial alphabet and an elaborate calendar.
Black Death
The deadly plague, most probably bubonic, which was widespread in Asia and Europe in the 14th century. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the early 18th century. The last major outbreak of plague in Europe was in Marseilles in 1722. These plagues had been preceded by a cycle of ancient plagues between the 6th and 8th centuries AD; they were followed by another cycle of modern, but less deadly, plagues that began in the late 19th century and continued in the 20th century. The term “Black Death” was not used to refer to the plagues of 1347 through 1351 until much later; contemporaries usually referred to it as the Pestilence, or the Great Mortality.
Bearberry
It is a shrubby tree of family arctostaphylos. It is distributed in North America, Europe, and Asia. Its dried leaves been used a diuretic, bacteriostatic, and astringent. Bearberry has been used in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
European Union (EU)
European Union (EU), organization of European countries dedicated to increasing economic integration and strengthening cooperation among its members. The European Union headquarters is located in Brussels, Belgium. The European Union was formally established on November 1, 1993. It is the most recent in a series of cooperative organizations in Europe that originated with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) of 1951, which became the European Community (EC) in 1967. The original members of the EC were Belgium, France, West Germany (now part of the united Germany), Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands. Subsequently these nations were joined by Denmark, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Spain. In 1991 the governments of the 12 member states signed the Treaty on European Union (commonly called the Maastricht Treaty), which was then ratified by the national legislatures of all the member countries.
Communications Barriers
Communication skills in the any profession are greatly affected by the presence of barriers, which may vary from personal barriers such as lack of interest, shyness or fear of a situation or language, environmental barriers like the place characters, availability of private area for the staff to work and for clients to be comfortable talking bout their problems or their needs, administrative barriers for example many managers think that when their employees talk to customers for some time for different purposes is not necessary and an expensive service costing them money , also time barriers like choosing an inappropriate time to initiate conversation may result to communication failure.
Bad Breath ( Halitosis)
It is a problem that happens to many of us, and the cause is always inside our mouth, in fact, it is because we do not take care of our mouth; here are some practical tips to get rid of bad breath:-
- Visit a dentist at least once a year.
- Brush your teeth at least twice a day, and floss between them once a day.
- Brush your tongue gently with soft toothbrush, and the back of tongue too.
- Chew foods very well, because that would produce more saliva which is useful.
- Chew sugarless gum.
- Use mouthwash at bedtime, and do not eat after using it.
- Rinse your mouth with water from time to time, and drink plenty of it.
Three Non-magic Steps to Lose Weight
Three
very important steps to lose weight:-
1. Eat well; more fibres, less carbohydrates.
2. Exercise; three to four times per week.
1. Eat well; more fibres, less carbohydrates.
2. Exercise; three to four times per week.
3.
Sleep early and wake up early.
Articles of Confederation
First constitution of the United States. The Articles were in force from March 1, 1781, to June 21, 1788, when the present Constitution of the United States went into effect. The Articles were written in 1777 during the early part of the American Revolution by a committee of the Second Continental Congress of the 13 colonies. The head of the committee, John Dickinson, presented a report on the proposed articles to the Congress on July 12, 1776, eight days after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Dickinson initially proposed a strong central government, with control over the western lands, equal representation for the states, and the power to impose taxes. It took several years for the all states to ratify the document, because of the fear of strong control of the central government.
French Revolution
Complete transformation of the society and political system of France, lasting from 1789 to 1799. During the course of the Revolution, France was entirely transformed from an absolute monarchy, where the king monopolized power, to a republic of theoretically free and equal citizens. The effects of the French Revolution were widespread, both inside and outside of France, and the Revolution ranks as one of the most important events in the history of Europe. The social and the political system were existed before 1789 were replaced. The growing sense of discontent among French people because of the political and economical instability was one of the main reason of the revolution.
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