In electronics, any of several types of device incorporating an arrangement of semiconductor material ( especially germanium with controlled low concentrations of arsenic, indium, antimony), and suitable contacts capable of performing many of the functions of thermionic and photo-emissive tubes such as power, voltage, or current amplification with low power requirements and large saving of space. Common name for a
group of electronic devices used as amplifiers or oscillators in communications,
control, and computer systems . Until the advent of the
transistor in 1948, developments in the field of electronics were dependent on
the use of thermionic vacuum tubes, magnetic amplifiers, specialized rotating
machinery, and special capacitors as amplifiers.
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